# Intrinsic Charm Parton Distribution Functions from CTEQ-TEA Global Analysis

Sayipjamal Dulat, Tie-Jiun Hou, Jun Gao, Joey Huston, Jon Pumplin, Carl Schmidt, Daniel Stump, C.-P. Yuan

Description:

We study the possibility of intrinsic (non-perturbative) charm in parton distribution functions (PDF) of the proton, within the context of the CT10 next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) global analysis. Three models for the intrinsic charm (IC) quark content are compared: (i) $\hat{c}(x) = 0$ (zero-IC model); (ii) $\hat{c}(x)$ is parametrized by a valence-like parton distribution (BHPS model); (iii) $\hat{c}(x)$ is parametrized by a sea-like parton distribution (SEA model). In these models, the intrinsic charm content, $\hat{c}(x)$, is included in the charm PDF at the matching scale $Q_c=m_c=1.3$ GeV. The best fits to data are constructed and compared. Correlations between the value of $m_c$ and the amount of IC are also considered.

 Cite as: arXiv:1309.0025 [hep-ph] (or arXiv:1309.0025v1 [hep-ph] for this version)

# On Similarity and Entropy of Neutrosophic Sets

Pinaki Majumdar, S. K. Samanta

Description:

In this paper we have introduced the notion of distance between two single valued neutrosophic sets and studied its properties. We have also defined several similarity measures between them and investigated their characteristics. A measure of entropy of a single valued neutrosophic set has also been introduced.

Cite as: http://vixra.org/abs/1309.0128

# Spike Synchronization Dynamics of Small-World Networks

Derek Harter

In this research report, we examine the effects of small-world network organization on spike synchronization dynamics in networks of Izhikevich spiking units. We interpolate network organizations from regular ring lattices, through the small-world region, to random networks, and measure global spike synchronization dynamics. We examine how average path length and clustering effect the dynamics of global and neighborhood clique spike organization and propagation. We show that the emergence of global synchronization undergoes a phase transition in the small-world region, between the clustering and path length phase transitions that are known to exist. We add additional realistic constraints on the dynamics by introducing propagation delays of spiking signals proportional to wiring length. The addition of delays interferes with the ability of random networks to sustain global synchronization, in relation to the breakdown of clustering in the networks. The addition of delays further enhances the finding that small-world organization is beneficial for balancing neighborhood synchronized waves of organization with global synchronization dynamics.

 Cite as: arXiv:1309.5660 [cs.NE] (or arXiv:1309.5660v1 [cs.NE] for this version)

# Single-shot readout of a superconducting flux qubit with a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier

Z. R. Lin, K. Inomata, W. D. Oliver, K. Koshino, Y. Nakamura, J. S. Tsai, T. Yamamoto

Description:

Energy in a multipartite quantum system appears from an operational perspective to be distributed to some extent non-locally because of correlations extant among the system’s components. This non-locality allows users to transfer, in effect, locally accessible energy between sites of different system components by LOCC (local operations and classical communication). Quantum energy teleportation is a three-step LOCC protocol, accomplished without an external energy carrier, for effectively transferring energy between two physically separated, but correlated, sites. We apply this LOCC teleportation protocol to a model Heisenberg spin particle pair initially in a quantum thermal Gibbs state, making temperature an explicit parameter. We find in this setting that energy teleportation is possible at any temperature, even at temperatures above the threshold where the particles’ entanglement vanishes. This shows for Gibbs spin states that entanglement is not fundamentally necessary for energy teleportation; correlation other than entanglement can suffice. Dissonance—quantum correlation in separable states—is in this regard shown to be a quantum resource for energy teleportation, more dissonance being consistently associated with greater energy yield. We compare energy teleportation from particle A to B in Gibbs states with direct local energy extraction by a general quantum operation on B and find a temperature threshold below which energy extraction by a local operation is impossible. This threshold delineates essentially two regimes: a high temperature regime where entanglement vanishes and the teleportation generated by other quantum correlations yields only vanishingly little energy relative to local extraction and a second low-temperature teleportation regime where energy is available at B only by teleportation.

 Cite as: arXiv:1309.6706 [cond-mat.supr-con] (or arXiv:1309.6706v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] for this version)

Read full version at : Paper

# The Projects We Started This Year Are Rolling Smoothly Now

The Open Education Project

Started a few months back, this project now boasts a long list of books and educational materials. All contents are licensed under CC-BY, enabling smooth sharing of the works. India has around 30 major languages and we have a long way to go before we have a comprehensive collection of educational materials in all these vernacular languages. However, things are already looking up as we have started to get content in the regional languages too. We are about to take the project to the next level by starting a system of publishing original content from authors.

Open Data Project

In India, there is a lot of scope for involvement of the masses in order to work towards making ourselves a better managed nation. Constitutional instruments like the Public Interest Litigation (PIL), the Right To Information (RTI), etc., lose their relevance without complete transparency in the dissemination of government as well as non-government data. Building a mass-based system of knowledge-banks can help us a lot in achieving our goal. We can assist the governments for making more information public, wherever necessary.

Open Science and Research Project

We are working to implement Open Access to all research done and have built a large community of supporters. Open Access India has probed to be a major success in spreading the word. However, we have still a long way to go. Our aim is not only Open Access but Open Research. In near future, we have a few plans that we would like to implement regarding this. OKFN, India is with Creative Commons (CC) now: Click Here to know more.