Open Knowledge Festival, 2014

This year’s Open Knowledge Festival was held from 15-17 July in Berlin, Germany. It was attended by representatives and enthusiasts from 56 countries. The Festival has been the largest of its kind till date and was attended by Google, Omidyar Network, Partnership for Open Data, Open Corporates, Science Open, Open-Steps, Wikirate among others. Among the keynote speakers were Neelie Kroes (Vice President and EU Commissioner for Digital Agenda, European Commission), Patrick Alley (Founder of Global Witness and member of the WEF Global Agenda Council for Conflict prevention), Beatriz Busaniche (Founder of Wikimedia Argentina and key member of Argentina’s Fundacion Via Libre), Ory Okolloh (Co-founder Ushahidi and Mzanlendo, Director of Investments Omidyar Network), Eric Hysen (Head of Politics and Elections, Google), etc. The festival played host to a number of bright new ideas and helped a great deal in consolidating the global stand for opening up information. – See more at: http://in.okfn.org/2014/07/28/open-knowledge-festival-2014/#sthash.B1krn4z0.dpuf

Parton distribution amplitudes of light vector mesons

Fei Gao, Lei Chang, Yu-Xin Liu, Craig D. Roberts, Sebastian M. Schmidt

A rainbow-ladder truncation of QCD’s Dyson-Schwinger equations is used to calculate rho- and phi-meson valence-quark (twist-two parton) distribution amplitudes (PDAs) via a light-front projection of their Bethe-Salpeter wave functions, which possess S- and D-wave components of comparable size in the meson rest frame. All computed PDAs are broad concave functions, whose dilation with respect to the asymptotic distribution is an expression of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. The PDAs can be used to define an ordering of valence-quark light-front spatial-extent within mesons: this size is smallest within the pion and increases through the perp-polarisation to the parallel-polarisation of the vector mesons; effects associated with the breaking of SU(3)-flavour symmetry are significantly smaller than those associated with altering the polarisation of vector mesons. Notably, the predicted pointwise behaviour of the rho-meson PDAs is in quantitative agreement with that inferred recently via an analysis of diffractive vector-meson photoproduction experiments.

Subjects:	Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics – Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics – Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics – Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
Cite as:	arXiv:1405.0289 [nucl-th]

Symmetric Relative Equilibria in the Four-Vortex Problem with Three Equal Vorticities

>Ernesto Perez-Chavela, Manuele Santoprete, Claudia Tamayo

We examine in detail the relative equilibria of the 4-vortex problem when three vortices have equal strength, that is, Γ1=Γ2=Γ3=1, and Γ4 is a real parameter. We give the exact number of relative equilibria and bifurcation values. We also study the relative equilibria in the vortex rhombus problem.

Subjects:	Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
Cite as:	arXiv:1407.7151 [math-ph]

Adiabatic theorem for a class of quantum stochastic equations

Martin Fraas

We derive an adiabatic theory for a stochastic differential equation, εdX(s)=L1(s)X(s)ds+ε√L2(s)X(s)dBs, under a condition that instantaneous stationary states of L1(s) are also stationary states of L2(s). We use our results to derive the full statistics of tunneling for a driven stochastic Schr\”{o}dinger equation describing a dephasing process.

Subjects:	Mathematical Physics (math-ph); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Cite as:	arXiv:1407.7127 [math-ph]

Building a Foolproof Navigation System: Fuzzy Logic Emulating the Brain

Subhajit Ganguly

Description

Our aim is to help build a machine that can reduce the possibility of mishaps in navigation to zero. For that devise a new system of numbers, in which the real numbers are represented on the y-axis and complex numbers on the x-axis. Inside such a system, we incorporate the equivalent Ideal Fuzzy Logic that can be used by the machine to predict and avoid mishaps.

Natural processes are vastly emergent phenomena and each new result is always the source of new emergence. To cope with nonlinear control problems, binary logic is no longer sufficient. What we need is an ideal Fuzzy Logic that not only can process complex numbers with utmost efficiency, but also ‘thinks’ in terms of complex numbers. Such a system also needs to be as simple as possible for us and for machines to work with.

A perfectly efficient navigation system will be able to receive inputs that have all sets of possible values. These values may be real or imaginary. Such a system will be particularly efficient in dealing with imaginary numbers and will be able to reduce the probability of a mishap to zero.

Ganguly, Subhajit (2014): Building a Foolproof Navigation System: Fuzzy Logic Emulating the Brain. figshare.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1093898

Theory of orthogonality of eigenfunctions of the characteristic equations as a method of solution boundary problems for model kinetic equations

A. V. Latyshev, A. D. Kurilov

We consider two classes of linear kinetic equations: with constant collision frequency and constant mean free path of gas molecules (i.e., frequency of molecular collisions, proportional to the modulus molecular velocity). Based homogeneous Riemann boundary value problem with a coefficient equal to the ratio of the boundary values dispersion function, develops the theory of the half-space orthogonality of generalized singular eigenfunctions corresponding characteristic equations, which leads separation of variables. And in this two boundary value problems of the kinetic theory (diffusion light component of a binary gas and Kramers problem about isothermal slip) shows the application of the theory orthogonality eigenfunctions for analytical solutions these tasks.

Subjects:	Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
Cite as:	arXiv:1407.7345 [math-ph]

Abstraction and Structures in Energy

Subhajit Ganguly

Zero postulation and the principles of the Theory of Abstraction are used to study structures of energy inside a black hole, which is incredibly heavy and incredibly small. We chase the questions, how matter (with various structures) is formed from energy and the energy making up matter has to be in what orientation to form the matter that we see. We arrive at the fundamental model and the equations describing the formation of structure in energy.

Ganguly, Subhajit (2014): Abstraction and Structures in Energy. figshare.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1035785

Abstraction and Structures in Energy

Submillimetre observations of WISE-selected high-redshift, luminous, dusty galaxies

Suzy F. Jones, Andrew W. Blain, Daniel Stern, Roberto J. Assef, Carrie R. Bridge, Peter Eisenhardt, Sara Petty, Jingwen Wu, Chao-Wei Tsai, Roc Cutri, Edward L. Wright, Lin Yan

We present SCUBA-2 850um submillimetre (submm) observations of the fields of 10 dusty, luminous galaxies at z ~ 1.7 – 4.6, detected at 12um and/or 22um by the WISE all-sky survey, but faint or undetected at 3.4um and 4.6um; dubbed hot, dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs). The six detected targets all have total infrared luminosities greater than 10^13 L_sun, with one greater than 10^14 L_sun. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are very blue from mid-infrared to submm wavelengths and not well fitted by standard AGN SED templates, without adding extra dust extinction to fit the WISE 3.4um and 4.6um data. The SCUBA-2 850um observations confirm that the Hot DOGs have less cold and/or more warm dust emission than standard AGN templates, and limit an underlying extended spiral or ULIRG-type galaxy to contribute less than about 2% or 55% of the typical total Hot DOG IR luminosity, respectively. The two most distant and luminous targets have similar observed submm to mid-infrared ratios to the rest, and thus appear to have even hotter SEDs. The number of serendipitous submm galaxies (SMGs) detected in the 1.5-arcmin-radius SCUBA-2 850um maps indicates there is a significant over-density of serendipitous sources around Hot DOGs. These submm observations confirm that the WISE-selected ultra-luminous galaxies have very blue mid-infrared to submm SEDs, suggesting that they contain very powerful AGN, and are apparently located in unusual arcmin-scale overdensities of very luminous dusty galaxies.

Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
Cite as:	arXiv:1406.2506 [astro-ph.GA]
	(or arXiv:1406.2506v1 [astro-ph.GA] for this version)

Herschel/PACS Observations of the Host Galaxy of GRB 031203

M. Symeonidis, S. R. Oates, M. de Pasquale, M. J. Page, K. Wiersema, R. Starling, P. Schady, N. Seymour, B. O’Halloran

We present Herschel/PACS observations of the nearby (z=0.1055) dwarf galaxy that has hosted the long gamma ray burst (LGRB) 031203. Using the PACS data we have been able to place constraints on the dust temperature, dust mass, total infrared luminosity and infrared-derived star-formation rate (SFR) for this object. We find that the GRB host galaxy (GRBH) 031203 has a total infrared luminosity of 3×10^10 L_sun placing it in the regime of the IR-luminous galaxy population. Its dust temperature and specific SFR are comparable to that of many high-redshift (z=0.3-2.5) infrared (IR)-detected GRB hosts (T_dust>40K ; sSFR>10 Gyr^-1), however its dust-to-stellar mass ratio is lower than what is commonly seen in IR-luminous galaxies. Our results suggest that GRBH 031203 is undergoing a strong starburst episode and its dust properties are different to those of local dwarf galaxies within the same metallicity and stellar mass range. Furthermore, our measurements place it in a distinct class to the well studied nearby host of GRB 980425 (z=0.0085), confirming the notion that GRB host galaxies can span a large range in properties even at similar cosmological epochs, making LGRBs an ideal tool in selecting samples of star-forming galaxies up to high redshift.

Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA); Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
Cite as:	arXiv:1406.2599 [astro-ph.GA]
	(or arXiv:1406.2599v1 [astro-ph.GA] for this version)

 

	(or arXiv:1406.2599v1 [astro-ph.GA] for this version)

Numerical simulations of dwarf galaxy merger trees

Annelies Cloet-Osselaer, Sven De Rijcke, Bert Vandenbroucke, Joeri Schroyen, Mina Koleva, Robbert Verbeke

We investigate the evolution of dwarf galaxies using N -body/SPH simulations that incorporate their formation histories through merger trees constructed using the ex- tended Press-Schechter formalism. The simulations are computationally cheap and have high spatial resolution. We compare the properties of galaxies with equal final mass but with different merger histories with each other and with those of observed dwarf spheroidals and irregulars. We show that the merger history influences many observable dwarf galaxy proper- ties. We identify two extreme cases that make this influence stand out most clearly: (i) merger trees with one massive progenitor that grows through relatively few mergers and (ii) merger trees with many small progenitors that merge only quite late. At a fixed halo mass, a type (i) tree tends to produce galaxies with larger stellar masses, larger half-light radii, lower central surface brightness, and since fewer potentially an- gular momentum cancelling mergers are required to build up the final galaxy, a higher specific angular momentum, compared with a type (ii) tree. We do not perform full-fledged cosmological simulations and therefore cannot hope to reproduce all observed properties of dwarf galaxies. However, we show that the simulated dwarfs are not unsimilar to real ones.

Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
Cite as:	arXiv:1406.2469 [astro-ph.GA]
	(or arXiv:1406.2469v1 [astro-ph.GA] for this version)